Essay about Integrative Approaches to Psychology and...

4-MAT Review Anita Cox Liberty University COUN 506 Integration of Psychology and Theology September 7, 2012 Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity David N. Entwistle Cascade Books, 2010 Summary Just as the title describes, Entwistle explains within the book the attempts and varied approaches of integrating both psychology and Christianity, two entities which seem to have been at odds with each other since the time of Galileo. By explaining key historical conflicts, such as instances of friction between religion and science, readers are able to understand how psychology and Christianity are intertwined, and how the same principles that hold them together also seek to push them apart. As said best by Entwistle,†¦show more content†¦As neutral parties, both psychology and Christianity recognize findings that are paramount between the two, however both are separated from one another. And lastly, as allies the integration of both psychology and Christianity embrace the word and works of God and his ability to rule over both disciplines. (Entwistle, 2010, p.154) In conclusion, the road to integrating psychology and Christianity continues to be a long one. As Christians, we know that God is the creator of man and that we are born in His image but have sinfully fallen short, and that Jesus died for our sins so we are able to seek forgiveness. The Bible remains our guide for daily living. Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and our behaviors attempting to explain why we think and behave the ways we do. â€Å"Rather, the task at hand is the difficult work of reading the psychological and biblical sources, checking the research and the interpretations, and then asking how together they can help us attain a more complete picture of the human condition.† (Entiwistle, 2010, p.267) Concrete Response In reading this book it triggered a memory from over ten years ago. In 2001, I lost my great-grandmother to heart related issues. For me her death went farther than just losing a relative. As far back as I can remember my great-grandmother was a part of my daily life. My mother had me when she was still in high school so naturally she still lived at home. My father was nonexistent inShow MoreRelatedPsychology And Christianity : Integrative Approaches Essay1694 Words   |  7 Pages A 4MAT Review of Entwistle’s Text: Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity Stacy H. McConville Liberty University Online A 4MAT Review of Entwistle’s Text: Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity Summary David N. Entwistle in his book titled Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity: An Introduction to Worldview Issues, Philosophical Foundations, and ModelsRead MoreIntegrative Approaches Of Psychology And Christianity1495 Words   |  6 Pages Summary â€Å"Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity, An Introduction to Worldview Issues, Philosophical Foundations and Models of Integration† is a book written by David N. Entwistle that offers insight and awareness to the relationship between psychology and theology. Psychology and theology share a common interest in the nature and purpose of human beings. This book introduces worldview issues and a philosophical source that provides a framework of the relationship between the scienceRead MoreIntegrative Approaches Of Psychology And Christianity1331 Words   |  6 Pages4-MAT Review: Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity Summary Even though some people walk the same path they may see different things. Some may see things in the theological way with God’s presence everywhere they look and everything they do. Some may see it in a psychological way, always looking for the explanation of why something is the way it is. Together, theology and psychology can bring a different view and perspective that they never would have saw by themselves. Many peopleRead MoreIntegrative Approaches Of Psychology And Christianity1529 Words   |  7 PagesIn his book, â€Å"Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity,† David Entwistle (2010) provides a persuasive discourse for the assimilation of psychology and theology; secular and religious disciplines that present a â€Å"multifaceted dialogue shaped by historical interactions and tensions.† (p. 51) Of the two systems, psychology is by much of the Church thought to advocate reason over revelation whereas theology is, by more secular-leaning scholars, thought to be wanting of intellect. With TertullianRead MoreIntegrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity: an Introduction1625 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity allowed me to comprehend fully the past occurrences of psychology and theology. The book displayed the faith and confidence that both psychology and Christianity must be combined in order for it to have a better understanding and allowing the client a better chance of healing. In order to do this there must be a complete understanding of each component in and of itself. Entwistle’s (2010) book presented all the facts from historyRead MoreBook Review of Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity1265 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Book review Entwistle, David N. Integrative approaches to psychology and Christianity: An introduction to worldview issues, philosophical foundations, and models of integration. Eugene, OR:  Cascade Books, 2010. Summary Many Christians fear that their faith is incompatible with the discipline of psychology. Integrative approaches to psychology and Christianity by David Entwistle makes a persuasive case that the two disciplines are complementary rather than polarized worldviews. Faith andRead MoreIntegrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity 4-Mat Review 1254 Words   |  6 PagesSummary In the book Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity by David Entwistle compares and contrasts the secular view of Psychology and the biblical view of Psychology. Entwistle delves into the question is psychology and Christianity mutually compatibility. The Integrative Approaches, Entwistle communicates to us there is two human behavior perspectives which relate to each other. According to Entwistle (2010), In order to intertwine psychology and Christianity it is required to defineRead MoreDavid N. Entwistle Integrative Approaches Psychology And Christianity1594 Words   |  7 PagesSummary No doubt that in the book written by David N. Entwistle Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity, the author leaves the truths embodied in his book. Truths that for many to this day are still trying to accommodate in their vast knowledge they have concerning the psychological science. Many still fail to understand that both psychology and theology when they go hand in hand they can become allies in treating those who for one reason or another have external and internal conflictsRead More4-Mat Review System: Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity1397 Words   |  6 Pages4-MAT Review System: Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity Keyanna Hawkins Liberty University A 4-MAT Review System: Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity Summary In the book Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity, David N. Entwistle explores the relationship between theology and psychology. Throughout time, intellectuals have supported or dismissed the idea of integrating both perspectives. In his book, Entwistle states that during theRead More4 Mat Review of Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity 2nd Ed.1309 Words   |  6 Pages4 MAT Review of Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity 2nd Ed. COUN 506 Sherrita L. Hedgepeth Liberty University July 14, 2012 Summary David Entwistles (2010) Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity appears to be a text with a primary audience which appears to be conservative evangelical Christians. The basic ‘meat’ of the book is the premise that weaving together perspectives from psychology and Christian theology can help us understand and appreciate humanity

Poverty in Pakistan - 5457 Words

Poverty in Pakistan Abstract: Poverty is Pakistan’s biggest problem which today’s Pakistan facing, it is interconnected with several elements which are having direct or indirect relationship with poverty. This paper is an effort to find out and discuss the elements related to poverty and it is a contribution from author to do something for his country and same time for the rest of world. Poverty in Pakistan does not affect people of Pakistan only but it has an effect on rest of world as well. Today Pakistani could be found everywhere in the world in search of better earning, a lot of them are illegal immigrants and some are involved in terror activities which is equally dangerous for all humanity. During research author found four†¦show more content†¦The purpose behind this effort is to clarify the understanding of problems facing by today’s Pakistan. More specifically, the objectives are to determine how poverty can manage and to analyze the poverty reduction plans and applied succ essfully for the benefits of the people of Pakistan. Investigate role of education, equal resources distribution and health improvement in sustainable economic growth in Pakistan consequently less poverty. Poverty in Pakistan: The economy of Pakistan is the 27th largest economy in the world in terms of purchasing power, and the 48th largest in absolute dollar terms. GDP growth, spurred by gains in the industrial and service sectors, remained in the 6-8% range in 2004-06. Poverty is widespread in Pakistan and is particularly predominant in rural areas. Nearly two thirds of the population, and 80 per cent of the country’s poor people, live in rural parts of the country. In 2004-2005 the government of Pakistan estimated that almost 24 percent of the population of Pakistan live below the poverty line. Poverty has many dimensions in Pakistan. People have not only low incomes but they also are suffering from lack of access over basic needs. The major challenge of today is poverty reduction. Pakistan’s growth performance over the last four years is enviable in many respects. Sound macroeconomic policies and implementation of structural reforms in almost all sectors of the economy have transformed PakistanShow MoreRelatedPoverty and Its Causes in Pakistan2152 Words   |  9 PagesPoverty and its causes In Pakistan Submitted by: Muhammad Ahmad Adil Submitted to: Ms. Mehwish Submitted date: 8th February 2012 Assignment Topic: Poverty In Pakistan Management sciences Department Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan 2012 www.awkum.edu.pk February 8, 2010 Ms. Mehwish Teacher, Economy of PakistanRead MorePoverty in Pakistan: Causes and Consequences1610 Words   |  6 PagesPoverty, a multidimensional global phenomenon, as defined by World Bank is an income level below some minimum threshold deemed necessary to achieve basic needs. This minimum level is usually called the â€Å"poverty line†. The things required to satisfy basic needs are highly time and society dependent. Therefore, poverty lines vary from country to country as each country defines and sets the poverty line limit according to its own level of development, societal norms and values. But the contents of theRead MoreCritical Situation of Poverty in Pakistan813 Words   |  3 Pagesor her income level falls below some minimum level necessary to meet basic needs. This minimum level is usually called the poverty line†.(Guenon n.d.) Keeping in mind the situation of Pakistan in last couple of years, the initiative has been taken by the Government of Pakistan which commits for better access to critical public services for the poor. In addition to the poverty reduction strategies prepared by the Government major improvements were required in education, health and other basic necessitiesRead MoreThe Issue of Poverty As a Whole in Pakistan2030 Words   |  8 PagesPoverty and suffering is considered not out of the norm for many families in Pakistan. Many of them have had to make enormous sacrifices in order to survive in these hard times. As seen in the previous paragraph children who are to sacrifice their education to help the family during times of poverty, may never really be able to receive an education later. For most families that are in the same situation like Rafiq and his family, the basic necessities such as food and water that others take for grantedRead MoreInflation, Unemployment and Poverty: Still Maj or Problems of Pakistan2585 Words   |  11 PagesInflation, Unemployment and Poverty: Still Major Problems of Pakistan Zoha Siddique Forman Christian College University Since Pakistan came into being, it’s going through hard times. From newly born country to getting sixty four year old country, sometimes it has given sacrifices and sometimes remained victim of inapt political system. For the long time, it is facing number of challenges and conspiracies which has weakened its foundations and so is the structure. Therefore,Read More Impact of Foreign Remittances on Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction in Pakistan2389 Words   |  10 Pagesin the economies of many developing and low income countries. Pakistan is a labour abundant country; hence, as neoclassical theory shows, if workers are unable to find jobs and/or wages to satisfy their needs, they will look elsewhere. Pakistan’s history provides us with a new trend of emigration nearly each decade. Remittance is an important source of foreign exchange earnings for Pakistan since 1970. During the past four decade Pakistan received significant amount of remittances, however, fluctua tionRead MoreThe World Health Organization ( Ngo )1271 Words   |  6 Pagesthose who live in Pakistan, focuses on meeting the goal ensuring healthy lives and wellbeing for all at all ages (United nations SDG, reference). Ensuring eye care for the residents of Pakistan not only provides them with care they should be subject too always, but also provides them with an increase in wellbeing and quality of life. Through numerous different methods such as, school programs, surgeries, and community health centers LRBT is addressing the issue of blindness in Pakistan and creating betterRead MoreEradication Of Poverty And Poverty1381 Words   |  6 PagesEradication of Poverty Part I: Background Poverty is widespread throughout the world, with around 20% of the entire population living on less than $1.25 per day. Everyday struggles for survival may include not having enough food for nourishment, no access to clean water, no proper shelter, lack of clothes, or no doctors and medicines. This lack of essential supplies and inability to improve one s life may be caused by a country s lack of resources. These countries either do not or cannot provideRead MorePoverty in Afghanistan1663 Words   |  7 Pagesproblems of poverty in Pakistan. Following are the list of some causes of occurring rapid increase of poverty in our country. - Increase in the rate of prices. - Load shedding reduced the production which result into unemployment. - Corruption and poverty. - Increase in road beggars due to shortage of money. - Pakistan is not a welfare state. A big question. - Lack of proper education causes increase at phenomenal rates. - Inflation rate in Pakistan. - Top ten richest people in Pakistan. Pakistan: Read MoreMore Than Half of the Population of Pakistan Is Food Insecured Despite Agricultural Growth.751 Words   |  4 PagesHYPOTHESIS 1: More than half of the population of Pakistan is food insecured despite agricultural growth. The food security of a country is the availability of food in that country, and the people’s access to it.   It is often said, â€Å"Food insecurity anywhere, threatens peace everywhere†. The term food security reflects the desire to eliminate hunger and malnutrition. The World Food Summit in 1996 defined food security as, â€Å"when all people at all times have physical and economic access to sufficient

Mandatory Drug Testing for Public free essay sample

Public assistance recipients are the employees of the tax payers. Drug tests are then used to make sure that these funds of the employers are not abused by people on public assistance purchasing illegal drugs. States have an obligation to hold those on public assistance accountable for their actions. Receiving a public assistance is a privilege, not a right. The debate on drug testing public assistance recipients is simply about the responsible use of our hard earned tax dollars. One-third of American corporations now require their employees to be tested for drug use. These requirements are compatible with general employment law while promoting the publics interest in fighting drug use. Moreover, the United States Supreme Court has ruled that drug testing programs are constitutionally permissible within both the public and the private sectors. It appears mandatory drug testing is a permanent fixture of American corporate life. (Bakaly, C. G. , Grossman, 1989) Since its inception in 1939, The United States public assistance program has helped families in crisis. Other welfare programs, such as TANF and WIC, have truly made a difference in the lives of American families. Families are kept together, children are healthier and often times, recipients are able to use the welfare to help them as they find a new job. In some cases, welfare might even save lives. But, of course, the system has its flaws, and many argue that valuable tax payer money is being wasted. There are many pros and cons to this issue. The biggest positive of this program is that it would keep recipients from purchasing and using illegal drugs. This might mean they dont even need the public assistance in the first place. It could also keep children and society in general, safer. It could help social workers know when children are around drug abuse, and thus prevent further abuse in families. â€Å"It could help lower the demand for illegal drugs on the streets. It could possibly even save the system some money, as those who are on drugs would not receive welfare. It could even create new jobs for people to oversee the drug testing. † (Rachel L. Carpenter, 2010) However, there are many cons of mandatory drug testing for people on welfare as well. One of the biggest negatives is that it is costly. Testing for illegal drug use is not cheap. It could cost hundreds of thousands of dollars, even if just one of every five recipients was tested. However, this may be rationalized by saying that the cost that drugs have on our society in general would be lowered. Another negative is that some people who are on prescription medication could show false positives, and be discriminated against, even with a doctors involvement. Many people argue that this is simply an invasion of privacy. In 1996, the Welfare reform Act gave all the states permission to impose mandatory drug testing a prerequisite and guideline to receive and qualify for welfare benefits. Since 1996 there have been numerous states that have argued this idea within their house. Recently, Governor Rick Scott of Florida, states â€Å" Its not right for taxpayer money to be paying for somebodys drug addiction, On top of that, this is going to increase personal responsibility, personal accountability. We shouldnt be subsidizing peoples addiction. (Rep. Scott, 2011). The state of Florida approved this bill that took effect July 1, 2011. Governor Scott also stated Its the right thing for taxpayers, Scott said after signing the measure. Its the right thing for citizens of this state that need public assistance. We dont want to waste tax dollars. And also, we want to give people an incentive to not use drugs. (Rep. Scott, 2011) Florida is not the first state to pass this law; Michigan passed a similar law but was found unconstitutional in 2003. The court states that the law was in violation of the US Fourth Amendment, which protects citizens against unreasonable search. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), activists and opponents are against this legislation. The opponents are stating many different reasons for not wanting to put this law in effect. The testing is not trying to pick on the poor and unfortunate, but is it not fair to pick the pockets of the hard working tax payers to fund illegal drug purchasing? Stereotyping a welfare recipient is not the position to take. Not all recipients are drug offenders and neither are all employees. Mandatory drug testing is not meant to be a punishment it is meant to save tax money and to help the misfortunate. Drugs are illegal whether the user is on public assistance or not. Using illegal drugs are a choice. In order to stop the habitual offenders this law must be put into action in all states. To catch these offenders, mandating random mandatory drug testing is a must. If a person refuses to take the drug test then they will lose benefits. A positive drug test will suspend benefits until there is a negative test result. Social workers, parole officers and many others will benefit from this law as well. By testing for drug use they will be able to stop the offenders and save a lot of tax money that can be utilized in other state programs. As a statistic, if one state has 200,000 public assistance recipients, they receive an average of $1200 a month. If only 10% are tested and found positive, it would save that state $20 million. This statistic is based on the average cost of a drug tests being $30 to $50. Mandatory drug testing would correct the distribution of tax dollars and would benefit the public assistance recipient by making them more self-sufficient by allowing them counseling and opportunity to find a job to better them in society. . Studies show that the cost of the tests averages about $30. Assuming that 1,000 to 1,500 applicants take the test every month, the state will owe about $28,800-$43,200 monthly in reimbursements to those who test drug-free. That compares with roughly $32,200-$48,200 the state may save on one month’s worth of rejected applicants. The savings assume that 20 to 30 people 2 percent of 1,000 to 1,500 tested fail the drug test every month. On average, a welfare recipient costs the state $134 in monthly benefits, which the rejected applicants won’t get, saving the state $2,680-$3,350 per month. But since one failed test disqualifies an applicant for a full year’s worth of benefits, the state could save $32,200-$48,200 annually on the applicants rejected in a single month.

Two years are better than four free essay sample

In her article â€Å"two years are better than four,† Liz Addison speaks about community colleges and their importance. Many people are scared to start college and move away to have the experience, which is why Addison explains community colleges are a great stepping stone. It’s a great way for students to begin quickly in their education and understand that they can do what they want as long as they put their minds to it. Addison says that â€Å"the community college system is America’s hidden public service gem,†(Addison) meaning many people don’t think to attend them. People search for the right college but skip right over the opportunity to attend a community college. Community colleges do not receive the acknowledgment they deserve. Addison speaks of a man named Rick Perlstien who believes that college doesn’t matter anymore. Mr. Perlstien attended the University of Privilege College and had such a good experience that he moved back to the University to experience it again. We will write a custom essay sample on Two years are better than four or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mr. Perlstien saw the students at the college and realized that it wasn’t a time of leisure anymore, therefore it didn’t matter. He felt as though the students didn’t care about college or did think it mattered anymore. One thing Addison was disappointed about was that Mr. Perlstien never considered a community college and what they are like. In community colleges, Addison believes that self-discovery still matters to those who attend them. Throughout Addison’s essay she points out many reasons as to why Community Colleges are such a decent option. They are easy to get into, and you are able to start immediately with your education. They are also a good opportunity for families in any sort of financial condition. Addison claims â€Å"they offer a network of affordable future, of accessible hope, and an option to dream† (Addison). The learning method is a growing process and the experience reminds students of their potential. Addison explains that a community college is perfect for those who want to stay at home or close to home. Those who didn’t obtain the grades required in order to get into a University may find Community Colleges to be a respectable option. Addison explains that some students are not yet ready to commit to a four year university; therefore community colleges are a good step in the direction of getting ready to go off to a University. Addison argues that â€Å"for some students, from many backgrounds, would never breathe the college experience if it were not for the community college†. A Community College offers students a full college experience without having to go far from home. Addison explains that a Community College is a great organization that helps many people from all different kinds of circumstances. It is a great stepping stone toward completing the education you need to be qualified for an occupation you are satisfied with. At the end of the essay Addison speaks about Mr. Perlstien again, clarifying that he will discover that college does still matter at a Community College.

Free Essays on The Bible and the Gun

In reviewing Basil Davidson’s documentary â€Å"The Bible and the Gun,† many different thoughts as well as emotions become more than present along with a greater understanding of the history of the lives of many Africans. The African people were well aware of the beauty, resourcefulness, and sanctity of their land, yet in the eyes of the British, the land was equivalent to wealth and nothing more. The Africans were targeted by the British as well as other Europeans for their land primarily but once their lands became inhabited, their every move would now be under the control of the white man. Due to the fact that the African people were considered to be the â€Å"inferior race,† the white man seemed to have no qualms with mistreating or exploiting them to the best of their abilities. The white man’s desire was to make the Africans ultimately landless. Davidson also makes a point to outline the importance of the slave trade and the fact that it was used in the conquest over Africa and its people. The arrival of the Europeans into Africa was persistent and continuous, after learning the American way of wealth. A man by the name of David Livingston was one of the most well known explorers of the African land. He was a geographical researcher and sought out and accomplished to find a nautical route/waterway through the many rivers running through Africa. Along with being a researcher, explorer, he was also a missionary in hopes of promoting the faith of Christianity as well as the idea of commerce. He was one of the only European explorers who treated the Afric an people as people and was respected, not feared. Livingston was also responsible for the naming of the Victoria Falls. The vast lands of Africa were rich with natural resources such as diamonds, gold, ivory as well as many skilled workers that were a necessity in these lands that were foreign to the Europeans. Not only did the Europeans have insights on the way they went abou... Free Essays on The Bible and the Gun Free Essays on The Bible and the Gun In reviewing Basil Davidson’s documentary â€Å"The Bible and the Gun,† many different thoughts as well as emotions become more than present along with a greater understanding of the history of the lives of many Africans. The African people were well aware of the beauty, resourcefulness, and sanctity of their land, yet in the eyes of the British, the land was equivalent to wealth and nothing more. The Africans were targeted by the British as well as other Europeans for their land primarily but once their lands became inhabited, their every move would now be under the control of the white man. Due to the fact that the African people were considered to be the â€Å"inferior race,† the white man seemed to have no qualms with mistreating or exploiting them to the best of their abilities. The white man’s desire was to make the Africans ultimately landless. Davidson also makes a point to outline the importance of the slave trade and the fact that it was used in the conquest over Africa and its people. The arrival of the Europeans into Africa was persistent and continuous, after learning the American way of wealth. A man by the name of David Livingston was one of the most well known explorers of the African land. He was a geographical researcher and sought out and accomplished to find a nautical route/waterway through the many rivers running through Africa. Along with being a researcher, explorer, he was also a missionary in hopes of promoting the faith of Christianity as well as the idea of commerce. He was one of the only European explorers who treated the Afric an people as people and was respected, not feared. Livingston was also responsible for the naming of the Victoria Falls. The vast lands of Africa were rich with natural resources such as diamonds, gold, ivory as well as many skilled workers that were a necessity in these lands that were foreign to the Europeans. Not only did the Europeans have insights on the way they went abou...

Cupones de alimentos para inmigrantes y ciudadanos

Cupones de alimentos para inmigrantes y ciudadanos El programa del gobierno federal de cupones para alimentos - conocido como food stamps- ayuda a alimentar a  46.7  millones de personas en Estados Unidos. Para los migrantes es importante conocer en quà © consiste este beneficio de los cupones de alimentos, quà © migrantes pueden solicitarlo, cà ³mo se pide y cules son las opciones para las personas que no pueden aplicar para los food stamps. Datos bsicos sobre los cupones de alimentos o SNAP Este programa es administrado por cada uno de los 50 estados y es conocido como SNAP por sus siglas en inglà ©s (anteriormente como Food Stamps). Casi la mitad de los beneficiados son nià ±os. La cantidad a recibir mensualmente por cada beneficiario o por cada familia se ingresa en una tarjeta electrà ³nica conocida como EBT que funciona como una tarjeta de dà ©bito. Se puede utilizar en miles de supermercados, tiendas y cooperativas de alimentos. El gobierno se gastaba unos $70 mil millones (billones) al aà ±o en este programa. El beneficiario medio recibe en torno $1.40 por comida. Una familia media compuesta por cuatro personas recibir $632. Cada familia o individuo recibe una cantidad distinta segà ºn sus necesidades, pero en la actualidad la media por persona es de $130 al mes, aproximadamente. Requisitos migratorios para solicitar los cupones de alimentos Todos los ciudadanos estadounidenses pueden solicitar este beneficio, incluidos los nià ±os nacidos en Estados Unidos cuyos padres son inmigrantes, tanto los legales como los indocumentados. Los progenitores pueden solicitar los cupones de alimentos para sus hijos. En el caso de inmigrantes sin estatus legal, debern decir simplemente que no pueden presentar ciertos documentos. Es fundamental entender que la ayuda se pide y debe ser disfrutada por los nià ±os ciudadanos. Los residentes permanentes legales, es decir, los titulares de una green card, tambià ©n tienen derecho a los food stamps, pero hay requisitos diferentes dependiendo de ciertas circunstancias. La regla general es que los migrantes que son residentes permanentes legales y son  mayores de 18 aà ±os debern haber vivido en Estados Unidos por un mà ­nimo de cinco aà ±os. Este tiempo puede ser menor si han acumulado al menos 40 crà ©ditos de trabajo (se puede verificar en la Administracià ³n de la Seguridad Social). Sin embargo, si el residente es ciego, incapaz, miembro activo de las Fuerzas Armadas o veterano o cà ³nyuge o hijo de un militar en activo o veterano no tiene que cumplir con ese requisito de los cinco aà ±os de residencia o 40 crà ©ditos de trabajo computados. Tampoco aplica a los residentes legales menores de 18 aà ±os. Es decir, los nià ±os residentes tienen derecho a la ayuda inmediatamente, no necesitan haber vivido en EEUU por ningà ºn periodo de tiempo Algunos estados como Nueva York, Connecticut o California ofrecen beneficios alimentarios a residentes permanentes aunque no lleven  cinco aà ±os de residencia. Eso es asà ­ si demuestran cumplir todos los otros requisitos necesarios para recibir este beneficio. Asimismo, tambià ©n pueden solicitar inmediatamente los cupones de alimentos los asilados y refugiados y, tras cinco aà ±os de residencia en EEUU, las personas que hayan entrado al paà ­s condicionalmente asà ­ como las và ­ctimas de violencia domà ©stica (cà ³nyuge, hijos, padres del abusador) que tengan un procedimiento pendiente. No pueden aplicar los extranjeros que estn temporalmente en EEUU, como son los estudiantes, ni tampoco los indocumentados. Si estas personas obtienen cupones de alimentos a pesar de que la ley se lo prohibe tienen que saber que cuando esto se descubra tendrn aà ±adido un nuevo problema migratorio por haber sido una carga pà ºblica. Quià ©nes pueden aplicar por cupones de alimentos: requisitos econà ³micos Los ingresos y medios econà ³micos con los que se cuenta como propiedades, cuentas bancarias, etc., deben ser reducidos. Se puede verificar si se tiene o no derecho a recibir este beneficio por internet y esta es la là ­nea de la pobreza sobre la cual se hace el clculo. Dà ³nde aplicar por SNAP Se puede solicitar en cualquier oficina del Programa de Asistencia Nutricional Suplementaria. Muchos estados permiten aplicar por internet. Cunto tiempo tarda en procesarse la solicitud En un mximo de 30 dà ­as la peticià ³n ser aprobada o denegada. Si el solicitante tiene muy poco dinero disponible se resolver la solicitud en siete dà ­as. Quà © comprar con los cupones de alimentos Se puede adquirir productos lcteos, frutas, vegetales, panes, cereales, pescados, carne y pollo. Est prohibido comprar tabaco, licores, cerveza, vitaminas, medicinas y artà ­culos de hogar como jabones o alimentos para mascotas. Tampoco se puede pagar con los cupones comida en un restaurante, salvo casos muy excepcionales en los que hay autorizacià ³n para proveer con comida caliente a bajo precio a personas sin techo, ancianos o personas con una incapacidad declarada legalmente. CONSEJOS A TENER EN CUENTA Si los padres indocumentados se encuentran con problemas para solicitar cupones de alimentos para sus hijos ciudadanos, pueden pedir ayuda a las organizaciones de defensa de los derechos de los inmigrantes para que les ayuden en el proceso. Tener en cuenta que en algunos estados en las familias mixtas con personas documentadas e ilegales puede que estos à ºltimos tengan que estar excluidos en los cà ³mputos. No debe confundirse el programa de cupones para alimentos con Asistencia a Familias Necesitadas, TANF por sus siglas en inglà ©s. Es beneficio por el que se entrega una cantidad de dinero en efectivo a las familias con nià ±os en situacià ³n econà ³mica muy precaria. Las condiciones varà ­an de estado a estado y en la actualidad ms de cuatro millones de personas se benefician mensualmente de esta ayuda. Por à ºltimo, el solicitar cupones de alimentos no afecta negativamente a una posible peticià ³n posterior de la ciudadanà ­a. Recibir esta ayuda no convierte al inmigrante en una carga social. Si necesitas ms ayuda para alimentos, puedes solicitarla en los bancos de alimentos de tu localidad. Para ello no necesitas ningà ºn requisito legal. Este es  un directorio de bancos de alimentos por estados, pincha en el nombre del tuyo y se abrir una pantalla con la informacià ³n que buscas.   Otras posibilidades que aplican a todos los migrantes Embarazadas, lactantes, madres recientes, infantes y nià ±os menores de cinco aà ±os pueden recibir ayuda nutricional en forma de alimentos mediante el programa WIC. Puede calificar cualquier persona que cumpla con los requisitos, sin que importe su estatus migratorio puede  calificar para esta ayuda WIC. Test de respuestas mà ºltiples Se recomienda tomar este test de respuestas mà ºltiples  sobre el permiso de residencia para verificar que conoces puntos bsicos sobre la greencard: cà ³mo obtenerla, conservarla, causas comunes de rechazo, etc. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

How will winning this scholarship help you attain your goals Essay - 1

How will winning this help you attain your goals - Scholarship Essay Example I believe that winning this scholarship will get the financial burden off me and grant me an education without giving me additional stress and tension as to where the money is coming from and how it will be paid off. As for my goals, I believe that this scholarship will change my life completely. It will give me confidence and make me feel that I deserve to get an education and that I, too, deserve to succeed and make a good life for myself. The fact that this is a merit-based scholarship will guarantee that I have indeed earned this for myself and as a serious student, I could ask for nothing better at this important time in my education. Furthermore, this may sound technical but I believe that as I have always been good at school and have participated in many extracurricular activities, this scholarship will be a sort of proof of my abilities as a student and pave for me a hopefully long and productive education at culinary

HOW TO MAKE STUFF Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HOW TO MAKE STUFF - Research Paper Example The term DIY itself is a self-explanatory terminology. Many individuals and companies are coming forward and making DIY a commercial venture especially with the advent of internet and modern advertisement techniques. Question # 3 (b) The most important thought that can be observed by the interview in the article is about the documentation of the things made locally on DIY principles. The sole idea of creating new things is that it can be improved by another person. This can only be done if proper videos and documents are present of the original thing. Limor Fried explains that a simple invention can be converted into a complex one when two or three people work on it simultaneously. This can only be done when the information is transferred from one DIY worker to another. To prove her argument, she explained an example about wave shield, which is a self-made audio add-on for the Auduino board. It adds audio quality to the already present audio hardware. Limor explains that this is the first step. Not a long time will be required by someone to convert into a complex machine. Question # 3 (c) The kind of equipment being used by the young generation is very high-tech state of the art which includes microcontrollers and computers. The software which are being used more nowadays are, the ones which help in simulating a scenario. These software include CAD/CAN which help in simulating 3D objects and speculate their properties rather than wasting time and money on making the actual thing physically. This equipment is cheap when compared to the prototype equipment or the ones that were first used in their respective categories. The equipment that I have seen in the article and which is familiar to me is the microcontroller and the lathe machine. I haven’t used the lathe machine but with the proper training, it would not be very difficult. The microcontroller is the one device I have actually used and programmed using PIc device. Question # 3 (d) The article  "How to make stuff out of plastic† was picked because there is not a lot of heavy machinery that has to be set up for this kind of a project. Making miniature plastic items, which are scaled down versions of actual size objects, is a very unique and eye-catching theme. If I get the required hardware and software for such project, I will make small decoration pieces, for placing in show cases. A lot of different kinds of cars, buildings and decorative objects can be carved out of plastic using the 3D model technique that has been described in the article. This can be taken up as a hobby as well as small business, selling miniatures online. Question # 3 (e) Arduino Laser Tripwire is the article I have picked. I chose this article because the thought of having a personal security alarm system is a very attractive feat for me, if somebody actually achieves it. I will put this system outside my corridor and wire the alarm or flash light in my room so that if somebody is coming towa rds my room, I know it before they come. It can be very handy when one is awake and you parents wanted you to sleep. Even before the parents enter the room, one will be tucked up it bed nicely. Question # 3 (f) â€Å"Kickstarter† is a website where armature inventors can post about their ideas and request for financial assistance. Eager people find what projects they like and can help the inventors on the financial side

Shawshank Redemption vs Romulus My Father Essay Example for Free

Shawshank Redemption vs Romulus My Father Essay Belonging refers to a sense of feeling accepted or welcome either physically or spiritually to a group or club. â€Å"A feeling of belonging depends on a strong relationship, developed over a period of time†. This statement suggests that a strong relationship is created or evolved over a period of time, it is evident in todays society through terms such as â€Å"childhood friends†. The sentiment â€Å"A feeling of belonging depends on a strong relationship, developed over a period of time† is portrayed in my text â€Å"Romulus my Father† by Raimond Gaita and my related text the movie â€Å"The Shawshank Redemption† directed by Frank Darabont. In â€Å"Shawshank Redemption† the year is 1947 and Andy Dufresne is ordered to serve two life sentences in Shawshank Prison for the murder of his wife and her lover. Inside, Andy is subjected to violent attacks from brutal guards and fellow inmates. Slowly, he begins to make friends ,one of the most most important friendship is the one he forms with Red, who has also been convicted of murder and is Shawshanks resident black-market dealer. During his time in prison, Andys previous experience as a banker earns him favour with the guards and especially the warden ,as he begins to manage their financial affairs, soon moving on to laundering money for them. In return, Andy is permitted special privileges , which includes working in the wardens office and being able to establisha prison library for the inmates. Eventually Andys innocence is proven. However, by this time, Andy is nowhere to be found and the warden and Shawshank are left sinking in a sea of scandal. Through his time in imprisonment he creates many friendships and alliances with the guards and the inmates, however he never gives up his belief in himself and he never looses his sense of belonging to the outside world like many of the inmates. He refuses to become institutionalized. He always believed in his innocence and believed he belonged on the â€Å"outside†. Like Raimond in Romulus my father Andy Dufresne both characters do not conform to their surroundings. Raimonds surroundings being mental illness and Andy’s being institutionalization. This is due to a strong sense in their own personal belonging they know where they belong and how they belong and their surroundings will not effect nor change this. The two main characters also find or in Andy’s case creates an area where they feel safe and secure . For Andy this was his library . A place where he feels at home away from the violence of the prison. A place where he can be who he use to be, a place to belong away from the harshness of prison life . A glimmer of his past . Raimond also has a place where he feels safe and that was anywhere his dog was . His dog provides feeling of safety of being needed by another living being . Of felling a sense of belonging and acceptance that no human could replicate. Time serves as both a source of torment as well as the backdrop for the slow, eventual achievement of Andy’s escape to where he feels he belongs, his seemingly impossible goal for nearly twenty-eight years. Shawshank redefines the passage of time for the inmates, especially for the â€Å"lifers† like Andy and Red, who can only look forward to death. Hours can seem like a lifetime, and every day seems indistinguishable from the next, adding to the loneliness and burden of imprisonment. Ironically, however, time also proves to be the means of Andy’s escape and salvation and gives him hope throughout his quarter-century in Shawshank. It is ironic that the inmates feel as they don’t belong in jail, there is a scene in the movies where one of the inmates Brooks is release from prison after spending a life sentence who is released and feels that he doesn’t belong this is evident thought the quote â€Å"I cant believe how fast thing move on the out side† her refers to the world as the â€Å"outside† this projects a sense of not belonging to society. Brooks then goes on to say â€Å" maybe I should get me a gun, n rob the food way so they’d send me home† . He feels more sense of belonging inside a prison than he does out in the real world. He feels outcast not through his actions but through the passage of time â€Å"the world went and got themselves into a big dam hurry† . The passage of time in Shawshank redemption has created a strong relationship between the inmates and the prison a feeling of belonging, time has changed the world they once knew to a totally different world that is alien to them, thus institutionalizing them to a world they feel comfortable. ‘Romulus, My Father‘ composed by Raimond Gaita is an autobiographical memoir of his fathers life. It explores the Assimilation to Australian Culture in the Eyes on Raimond Gaita general hardships of migrants moving from Europe, and how he comes to belong to Australia. In â€Å"Romulus My Father† the most profound sense of belonging exists with the narrator himself. The narrator delivers his observations in a reflective and thoughtful tone. The high modality of verb choice suggests a pleasant nostalgia about events in the book. Particularly his recollections of his father, notions such as, â€Å"I loved him too deeply†¦ no quarrel could estrange us† displays the sense of belonging \ he feels with his father. This is evident even after Christina dies. He observed, â€Å"We came together as son and husband with the woman whose remains lay beneath us†. Raimond’s aspect of belonging is that of family and culture. Juxtaposed against Raimond’s belonging is the suffering of Christina in her displacement. For the mother her inability to belong is described by Raimond as, â€Å"a troubled city girl, she could not settle†¦. in a landscape that highlighted her isolation†. Raimond’s melancholy tone conveys how Christine could not fit into the community and in Australia. As a result her isolation and alienation lead her to betray the institution of family juxtaposed by â€Å"I felt awkward with her,† which shows his relationship with his mother has lost the familial belonging it once contained. The landscape plays a harsh role in ‘Romulus, My Father’, as ‘the landscape is one of rare beauty, to a European or English eye it seems desolate’ page 14. Relating to culture shock also, Romulus ‘could not become reconciled to it’ as ‘the eucalypts of Baringhup, scraggy except for the noble red gums on the riverbank, seemed symbols of deprivation and barrenness. page 14. This lack of belonging even in the landscape of Australia for Romulus creates the notion that he felt connected to his native lands in Europe, and without that connection he feels as though he does not belong. However, this can also be viewed that Romulus does not understand the land and therefore cannot appreciate its unique beauty, highlighted where ‘he set fire to the stock in order to kill the snake†¦an immigrant unused to the tinder-dry conditions of an Australian summer’ page 28. Romulus was then harshly unaccepted as ‘The local newspaper ridiculed the New Australian for his folly. ’ He partially redeemed himself in the eyes of locals where he saved Neil Mikkelsen from dying after he fell from a ladder. This can be contrasted to Raimond’s perception of the Australian landscape, one who had grown up with the land, ‘the key to the beauty of the native trees lay in the light which so sharply delineated them against a dark blue sky†¦the sight provoked a surge of affection for my primitive home. pg 62. Belonging shapes who we are. â€Å"Romulus My Father† by Raimond Gaita explores how â€Å"A feeling of belonging depends on a strong relationship, developed over a period of time†. â€Å"The Shawshank redemption† directed by Frank Darabont explores the need for belonging by gamers seeking a place in society and how time can disconnect one from somewhere they one belonged. Together these texts allow us to examine bo th positive and negative aspects time has on belonging.

Personal Insight Paper-Group Dynamics -- essays research papers

The Keirsey Temperment Sorter II results imply that I am an ESTJ (Supervisor) and the Strengths Finder Profile results suggest that my five top strengths are ideation, maximizer, input, arranger and command. In the following paragraphs I will identify what I do and how I integrate these strengths in relation to my job, which is administrative specialist for the fundraising division of a not for profit organization called Springfield ARC, better known as Sparc. I will limit descriptions of job related tasks for the sake of brevity. I am responsible for organizing, providing information and taking minutes for three committees throughout the year. These meetings are sometimes combined and sometimes held separately, depending on the time frame of the next fundraiser. I am responsible for all databases, correspondence and communications before and after an event. I am involved in acquiring volunteers, sponsors, advertisers and contributions of various kinds. I am required to delegate tasks to other staff. In this aspect, the command kicks in because I succinctly state what has to be done and why. If these requests are not carried out, I tend to become aggressive in accomplishing these goals. I have been told that one of my best attributes is the ability to call it like I see it. I am told that I am consistent in my gut feelings about an idea in a meeting or the ability of a committee member or staff to perform a task. To this end, my ability to perceive people and ideas out of ...

Letter to a friend regarding interesting experience in Management Class Essay

Hope all is well at your end. It has been a long time since I last heard from you. I guess you have a busy and hectic university schedule like mine which does not allow you much time apart from your course work. I don’t blame you at all because I know what a roller coaster ride this business studies really is. I am on my summer vacations now so I finally got some time to correspond with you. I would like to update you with my experience so far with my courses. I would specially like to brief you on my enthralling and interesting experience in my Management class. Business studies have an array of different courses to offer. All these courses have their application in real life, if not fully, then at least to some extent. The most common term which is associated with business people is ‘managers’ which brings us to the most basic and necessary course of Management. Management is the basic requirement of any organization and is the foundation of running a business. Without it business would be nil and there would be total chaos and catastrophe. Management has tons of practical application and offers concepts which have vast dimensions and scope. This course has been the most interesting and enthralling learning experience so far in my studies. Of course I can not give you account of the entire course but I would like to mention one very exciting and challenging activity which was conducted in the management class. This activity was regarding teamwork. You must also have learnt a lot in your engineering studies how there are different teams of engineers that take up huge scale projects. Same goes here in our business studies as well. There are various different kinds of teams such as self managed teams, cross functional teams, special purpose teams and so on. The activity which we did was regarding the most famous kind of team; problem solving team. As you must have got the idea from the name, problem solving teams or also famously known as task forces are teams that are formed especially for a problem to be solved which can not be catered to and solved by the existing organizational structure. This team brings in members varying according to the nature of the problem from different departments of the organization. This shows that problem solving teams are cross functional. (Reference for Business, 2010) The activity was conducted in such a manner that our Management course instructor first explained to us all the different types of teams which involved problem solving team as well. Then to demonstrate how the problem solving team really works in the real world he divided our class into different groups. Each group comprised of 8 members each and each group was handed a business related problem which needed to be solved. We were given a time frame of 50 minutes in which we had to come up with a plan of action to solve the problem and then we were required to present it. This was a really challenging and exciting activity. The problem which was handed to my group was that we were required to suppose a business organization that dealt in supplying of different beverages in 48 out of 50 states of U.S.   There were complaints from three major states which were Arizona, Kansas and Colorado. The major complaints were of similar nature that the supply of the beverages was not on schedule, the stock that reached to retailers was not in good condition and that the beverages supplied were not in accordance with the demand of the people. We were required to discover the reasons that why were these problems occurring in only 3 of the 48 states and what erroneous actions were responsible for these three major complaints. We approached this problem in a very professional way. We first decided upon who will lead the group and fortunately the group members general consensus was for me as a team leader. As a team leader I was the one who had to approve the final plan of action with the input suggestions and research of the different members. We decided upon that our team had members from various departments of Finance, Marketing, Sales, Research and Development and Distribution Management. We formulated our problem solving report in such a manner that first we gave a brief introduction of the problems. Then we assumed different logical reasons which could have been behind these complaints. The reasons and findings that we listed in our report were that our suppliers were categorized into 16 different teams. Each team was given 3 states for which they were responsible of supplying the beverage. One particular team was given the states of Arizona, Kansas and Colorado as they are geographically situated close to each other. As the complaints were regarding these three states hence we found that the supplier team was performing some erroneous actions due to which these complaints arose. On further imaginary research we found out the findings for each of the complaints. First we found that this team was complaint about in past as well by number of retailers regarding their lethargic attitude and poor display of punctuality. So it was found out that the team comprised of members who were irresponsible and did not meet the time restrictions of the schedule which resulted in late supply of the stock of beverages. Second complaint was due to the same reason as first. The reckless attitude of the particular team showed that they mishandled the stocks. Beverages are objects held in fragile coverings and bottles and need to be handled with care which this particular team did not display. The third complain was that of the supply not in accordance with the demand which again was due to the poor performance and reckless and untrained staff of this team. They did not record and process the orders properly which resulted in the wrong supply frequently that bothered numerous retailers. So after we had our findings we were now in position to develop a plan of action based on these findings. The plan of action was formed with collaboration with the different departments of the organization. The action decided upon to be taken was that this particular team was to be fired. Other teams would be also appraised on performance to see whether they were a source of complaints in their states or not and whether they are up to the mark or not. All those members that won’t be up to the mark would either be trained or fired. The empty vacancies would be filled by renewed hiring of the staff which would take special care that highly trained and responsible staff is hired. For the entire plan of action to carry out special assistance would be required from Human Resource Department. This concluded our entire report for the solution of problem. We then presented the whole scenario, our findings and proposed solution in front of the entire class. As Group leader I took the responsibility of presenting. It was really good experience to present in front of the entire class. The teacher appreciated our approach to the problem and gave us a few helpful additional suggestions which would give edge to our report. The class also applauded our presentation and our presentation was ranked the best in all the presentations.   All this was due to combined team effort. This was the experience I wanted to share with you. It was not just a moment of pride for me because of the best presentation, but the activity itself was so exciting and fruitful to provide us with concepts that I could not resist but share with you. I am sure you have experienced such exciting activities at your university as well. I am really looking forward to hear from you your eventful time at university. I hope you are having a good time and enjoying the studies because I think you can not learn until you enjoy you studies. Hope to hear from you very soon. I am looking forward to your reply and account of the activities at university. Hope to see you soon. Take care. Reference: Reference for Business. (2010). Teams and Team work. Retrieved May 15, 2010, from,

Mga Pananaliksik

The Ten Commandments of Human Relations 1. Speak to people. There is nothing as nice as a cheerful word of greeting. ?Speaking to other people is the best way to gain relationship, and greeting is the best way to start a good conversation. 2. Smile at people. It takes 65 muscles to frown; only 15 to smile. ?Smiling will give the impression of being open to relationship and expressing to everyone that you are a kind person. Nobody will dislike a kind person, except for those who are insecure. 3. Call people by name. The sweetest music to anyone’s ears is the sound of his own name. ?Never call a person in a pig or etc. it is great insult and it would damage your reputation of being a good friend. 4. Be cordial. Speak and act as if everything you do were a genuine pleasure. ?Be thoughtful and don’t be pretentious, just enjoy the conversation. 5. Be friendly and helpful. If you would have friends be friendly. ?Being friendly and helpful will help you build and strengthen your relationship with others. 6. Be genuinely interested in people. You can like everybody if you try. Never judge a person, because no matter how bad he looks or act, there is light inside his or her heart, and that light protects the kindness left to that person. 7. Be generous with praise; cautious with criticism. ?It is simple. If you have nothing good to sat, just shut your mouth. 8. Be considerate with the feelings of others. It will be appreciated. ?Do not be a dumb of something else towards other personâ€⠄¢s feelings, try to understand them and if possible, console and comfort them to the best of your ability to do so. . Be thoughtful of the opinion of others. There are three sides to a controversy: yours, the other fellow and the right one. ?If a friend asks you if his or her dress looks good to him or her. Never say yes if it’s not true, instead, you need to criticize in a friendly manner. 10. Be alert to give service. What counts most in life is what we do for others. ?Offer your personal and professional services to everyone as long as you find yourself needed.

Chemistry Mnemonic Devices for Elements

Chemistry Mnemonic Devices for Elements A mnemonic (pronounced ne MON ik) is one useful way to remember a list. This chemistry mnemonic is a phrase, consisting of words made using the symbols of the first nine elements in the periodic table. Happy Henry Likes Beer But Could Not Obtain Food for: H - hydrogen He - helium Li - lithium Be - beryllium B - boron C - carbon N - nitrogen O - oxygen F - fluorine More Chemistry Mnemonics for Periodic Table Element Symbols Of course, there are many more mnemonic devices you can use to help remember the element symbols. Here are a few more. Keep in mind, youll remember the element symbols best if you pick (or write) a mnemonic that you find funny or memorable. Some chemistry mnemonics cover the elements through neon, while several continue on to calcium. Happy Harry Listens B B C Network Over France Nevertheless Nothing More Arose So Peter Stopped Cleaning Airgun K Ca.Happy Henry Likes Beer But Could Not Obtain Four Nuts.Naughty Magpies Always Sing Perfect Songs Clawing Ants.Harry Helped Little Benny Balmer Carry Neat Oranges From Neptunes Natural Menagerie Always Singing Polite Sonnets Clearly Arf Key Casually.Harry Helps Little Betty Brown Crack Nuts On Friday Nights.Ha. Healthy Little Beggar Boys Catching Newts Or Fish.Hell, Here Little Beatniks Brandish Countless Number Of Flick kNives.Nagging Maggie Always Sighs, Please Stop Clowning Around.Here He Lies Beneath Bed Clothes, Nothing On, Feeling Nervous.Naughty Margaret Always Sighs, Please Stop Clowning Around.Hi He Lied Because Boron Could Not Oxidize Fluorine. New Nations Might Also Sign Peace Security Clause. Arthur King Can. (elements up to calcium)Hi! Hey Little Ben Became Charlie’s Number One Fighting Nemesis.Native Magpies Always Sit Peacefully Searching Clear Areas .Hi! He Lies Because Boron CanNot Oxidize Fluorine. Necromantic Nato Mg (abbreviation for make good) All Silicon Ports. Superman Clean Argons K-Capture. Hi Hello Little Beryll Brown Cracking Nuts On Friday.Nellies Naughty Magpie Always Sings Pop Songs ClearlyAfter Killing Cathy.

Adverb of Emphasis - Definition and Examples

Adverb of Emphasis s In English grammar, adverb of emphasis is  a traditional term for an intensifier  used to give added force or a greater degree of certainty to another word in a sentence or to the sentence as a whole. Also called an emphasizer and an  emphasizing adverb. Common adverbs of emphasis include absolutely,  certainly, clearly, definitely, naturally, obviously, positively, really, simply, and undoubtedly. In The Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar  (2014), Bas Aarts et al. point out that [o]nly some grammatical models subdivide adverbs with this level of semantic detail.  Ã‚   Examples and Observations I was flat broke and the rent was due. Clearly I needed to find a job.Hes tapping my phone, he said to Celia indignantly. I definitely heard it. Definitely.(Lawrence Sanders, The First Deadly Sin.  G. P. Putnams Sons, 1973) I hadnt the slightest hesitation in saying: For sure! Tell the manabsolutely! Absolutely! Of course!(Joey Tallon in Call Me the Breeze, a novel by Patrick McCabe, 2003) In Stamps the segregation  was so complete that most Black children didnt really, absolutely know what whites looked like.(Maya Angelou,  I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Random House, 1969Deterrence, obviously, is one of the aims of punishment, but it is surely not the only one. On the contrary, there are at least half a dozen, and some are probably quite as important.(H.L. Mencken, The Penalty of Death At the door of the kitchen she said, You never finish your lunch. You run around senselessly. What will become of you?Then she died.Naturally for the rest of my life I longed to  see her, n ot only in doorways, in a great number of places- in the dining room with my aunts, at the window looking up and down the block, in the country garden among zinnias and marigolds, in the living room with my father.(Grace Paley, Mother.  Later the Same Day. Farrar, Straus Giroux, 1985) Theoretically, of course, one ought always to try for the best word. But practically, the habit of excessive care in word-selection frequently results in loss of spontaneity.(Francis Thompson, qtd. by Arthur Quiller-Couch in Murder Your Darlings)Everything beginning at Blake Avenue  would always wear for me some delightful strangeness and mildness, simply because it was not of my block, the block,  where the clang  of your head sounded against the pavement when you fell in a fist fight, and the rows of store-lights on each side were pitiless, watching you.(Alfred Kazin, A Walker in the City. Harcourt Brace, 1951 There is undoubtedly a sensation in traveling into foreign parts that is to be had nowhere else; but it is more pleasing at the time than lasting.(William Hazlitt, On Going a Journey Fallacies You can spot ​discourses that beg the question by looking for such words as obviously, of course, and really. Any defense lawyer would immediately leap up and say, Objection! if the prosecution were to say to the jury, Obviously, she is guilty. (Edward P. J. Corbett and Rosa A. Eberly, The Elements of Reasoning. Allyn and Bacon, 2000)

Profiling Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Profiling - Research Paper Example In this case, these experts are expected to undertaking their profiling in a way that do not violate people’s privacy or have an aspect of discrimination. In fact, these practices are applied professionally in order to help people as tools for security, through they are based on historical grounds and statistics. Profiling is perceived to have an aspect of discrimination, thus developing controversy around the issue, whereby people think that it should not be undertaken based on gender, race, color and people’s appearances. Therefore, there is nothing right with condemning due to the actions done by other people in the past, who they share similar patterns. This has resulted to case such as people being stopped in the airport for investigation since they share similarities with people who did wrong in the past. On the other hand, the subjects of the profiling should be treated with respect through the provision of an explanation for the profiling, and unless they have done nothing wrong, they are expected to have nothing to hide. A psychological profile can be created through an investigation in the absence of physical evidence or description of eyewitness to supplement with a description. Therefore, the experts apply their knowledge and the things they know about unknown suspect concerning his actions and try to generate information. For instance, in a case involving serial murderer killing female employees in a certain company, the experts may presume that murder is a male former employee or a client. Other issue that has brought controversy relates to racial profiling, which is a practice that has involved a significant risk to the basic principles of the constitution. Racial profiling is perceived to be targeting people of certain skin color through investigations, thus alienating communities and preventing them from participating in policing efforts. This has also caused the law enforcement to lose credibility and trust in the

Business Ethics and Issues of Employment Case Study

Business Ethics and Issues of Employment - Case Study Example Ethical relativism designates the universal values that apply to everyone in every business across the world. Sometimes, that extent can be reduced to cultural relativism that seeks to cover the accepted values in a narrower scope, say, a company or a country in regards to the existing culture or traditions. Proponents of Ethical (cultural) relativism assert it demonstrates empirical evidence. Conversely, arguments against ethical relativism claim that it is difficult to find values and norms that govern all businesses universally. Truth-telling refers to honest communication and poses the question as to whether anyone can defend their reason when not telling the truth in business. Advocates of truth-telling argue that all societies depend on reciprocal bonds of truthfulness to enforce their sustained relationships. Those against the being honest claim that it is common practice, and everyone should be aware of the game. They give examples such as the inflating claims used by advertising companies or contracts that have concealed fine print provided by employers and suppliers. For 35 years, Ken worked for United Airlines as a pilot. Typically, he expected to receive his six-figure pension income from the company’s retirement trust. At his retirement, United Airlines had been experiencing a tumultuous financial period. However, the airlines maintained that that was not the case despite doubts about their financial position to cater to the company’s demands such as Ken’s approaching retirement plan. True to the growing fears, United funded Ken’s trust at about 50 percent of the expected amount. The reason provided for this was that the airlines troubled financially, had been allowed by federal rules to skip making cash contributions. The rules allowed United to seek a bankruptcy declaration, and this meant that they could only cater for about half of what Ken’s was to receive. There are various ethical issues, in this case, chief among them being United’s lack of integrity. The company should have in advance disclosed to Ken about their state of bankruptcy and the financial troubles they were undergoing.  

Value & Risk Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Value & Risk Management - Assignment Example Value drivers can be defined as elements within a project which improve the product quality, and also minimise costs. These drivers become essential during project management as they provide assistance to auditors on possible value adding elements. The utilisation of value drivers remains fundamental to successful completion of many development projects, within the construction industry. These elements remain fundamental towards ensuring projects remain within their allocated budgetary requirements, and produce satisfactory outcomes. Several value drivers can be identified for the project as defined below Ensure effective project management and delivery Achievement of required financial targets Minimising operation and maintenance costs, and environmental impact for the building Complying with various third party requirements Effective project management Effective project management process involves proper utilisation of available resources as a method of minimising wastage at differ ent project development stages. Effective management remains the most fundamental element for ensuring efficacy in development projects. This involves the proper utilisation of available resources in meeting the requirements of the project as defined in the planning stages. This value driver remains focused at ensuring projects achieves excellence through compliance with required project outcomes. Ensuring presence and application of this value driver remains fundamental to successful project completion. The incorporation of effective management begins with the appointment of a project team. In ensuring effectiveness, the management team should be selected from individuals possessing the essential skills and expertise in the construction industry. The utilisation of independent client advisors could be applied where the team lacks experts in a specified profession, While selecting individuals with essential expertise and skills, a consideration for cost should also be factored to en sure functionality of the team. The team must become fully engaged into the project from the beginning stages. Efficacy in the management skills of the team should be displayed through coordination, integration and communication among the team members, consequently ensuring the team functions as a single unit. Other than communication among team members, external communication with stakeholders remains a fundamental component for ensuring success in development projects. Management teams should involve users, contractors and all members involved in the supply chain delivery continuously, to get their expertise and opinions on the project. The management team should develop an execution plan, which should act as a guideline during the project lifetime. The effectiveness of the team remains the main reason behind utilising a project management team, fully engaged in the operations of the project. The effectiveness should be measured according to the desired industry standards, develop ed by regulatory organisations. Compliance to these regulatory requirements remains a key performance indicator

Disabilities: Barriers to Participation

Disabilities: Barriers to Participation Exclusion Inclusion Disabilities Overcoming barriers to participation From Exclusion to Inclusion In the United Kingdom, discussed by Shah (2005), segregated or special schools were the most common form of provision for pupils with disabilities, despite the fact that the cost of special education per child is too high for most countries. Governments are now recognizing the need to develop a more affordable system which will provide quality education for all children, additionally, legislation is clearly moving towards an increasing emphasis on inclusion. In Scotland the Education (Additional Support for Learning) (Scotland) Act 2004, and the Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001 (Department for Education and Employment, 2001), which amends the Disability Discrimination Act (1995), deliver a stronger right to a mainstream education for disabled children unless this is conflicting with the parents wishes or the provision of efficient education for other children. One of the main aims proposed in the recent White Paper, Removing Barriers to Achievement (DfES, 2004) is to reduce the number of special schools and encourage more mainstream schools to adopt fully inclusive practices. In addition, by reducing the number of residential schools and reallocating resources to local provisions and service, disabled children and young people can be educated closer to their homes and families. But it is argued that, even with the worldwide trend towards inclusion and the increasing participation of disabled children in mainstream schools, special education still has an important role and, for some students, is still the best option. However, others need to be put in situations in which they have opportunities to succeed and develop self-esteem and confidence. (Shah, S, 2005) There has been much debate over recent years concerning the provision of segregated special education for pupils with disabilities. There are both arguments in favour of inclusion and against. Advantages of segregated education Cited by Shah (2005), Barnes (1991) and Middleton (1999), argue that special education is promoted to parents of disabled children as a safe option to the hustle and bustle of mainstream schools, which may otherwise be too stressful. Some researchers claim that separate schools offer the best opportunities for disabled students, for instance, Jenkinson (1979) argues that with smaller classes and higher teacher pupil ratios, special schools allow concentrated one-to-one attention and tuition which can be delivered at a level appropriate to each child’s needs. They are perceived as more supportive, both physically and socially, and less threatening to students with disabilities, encouraging their feeling of security and enhancing their self-esteem by avoiding continual comparison of their achievements with other students. According to Pearse (1996), segregated institutions are an essential element of the social and psychological independence of disabled children. Moreover, being supported in an environment free from the involvement of mainstream barriers allows the children to explore and develop a sense of self. Cook, Swain and French (2001) propose that disabled students are likely to build positive social relationships more easily in segregated institutions where they not only share common goals and interests, but values, goals and ways of viewing the world. In mainstream school, where a disabled child requires support, Watson et al. (1999) suggest that successful social integration with peers may be hindered. They found that for some disabled people, the physical location of the helper could work against their acceptance among other children in the class. Allan (1996) suggests that the child’s interaction can be brought to the attention of the staff, as disabled children are more carefully monitored than their non-disabled peers: All children are the object of analysis within schools, but for pupils with special educational needs, the observation reaches further. They are observed, not only at work in the classroom, but also at break times. The way in which they intermingle with mainstream peers or integrate socially is often viewed as equally important, if not more so, than their attainment in mainstream curriculum goals. (Shah, S, 2005) Criticisms of segregated education Shah also discusses arguments against segregated education; Alderson and Goodey, (1998) argue that reports which suggest that students have a higher self-esteem or do better at special schools are worthless if self-esteem depends on being in an artificial, sheltered world. Barnes (1991) argues that being in a protective, segregated environment holds back disabled individuals from society. Dr John Mary and the British Council of Organizations of Disabled People (1986) believe that special education is one of the key routes for distributing non-disabled views of the world and making sure that disabled school leavers are socially isolated. The outcome of this isolation is that disabled people accept social discrimination and lack the skills needed in adult life. This argument is supported by Jenkinson (1997) and Fuchs and Fuchs (1998) who feel that the deficiency of suitable behavioural role models, and the removal from the general way of life of childhood and adolescence contribute to isolation in the community. Barnes, (1991) also argues that by producing socially and educationally disabled individuals, the special education system maintains discrimination practices in all other areas of social life, particularly employment. Dunn (1968), also had the same views, in that, a segregated placement is responsible for people with disabilities being negatively labelled and excluded from society. He goes on to say that labels have damaging effects on both teacher expectations and the student’s own self-concept. Another major criticism of segregated education is that an isolated curriculum that focuses on specific educational needs stops students from learning a wide range of subjects offered in mainstream schools. Jenkinson (1997) argues that the small number of staff in special schools, along with their considerably limited, curricula expertise, restricts the range and content of the curriculum. She feels the lack of training and experience of most special school teachers in the secondary curriculum to be a growing obstacle as students with disabilities move into adolescence. An article entitled Special School Shame (Disability Now, January 1997) reported on a study, conducted by the Alliance for Inclusive Education, which evidenced that special schools are less likely than mainstream schools to enter their students for public examinations. According to the sample statistics, only 6 of the 85 special schools in the study (7 per cent) proceeded to compete in national exams. The reasoning was based on the assumption that children in special schools were unable to learn as well as their peers in regular education. Shah has also discussed inclusive education and cites a number of authors for example, Barnes (1991) has argued that inclusion plays a crucial role in the fight towards the abolition of discrimination and of disabled people being accepted as citizens of the social majority, he suggests that being educated in mainstream schools is positively related to the successful transition of people with disabilities into employment and wider society, although, being placed in mainstream school does not necessarily mean experiencing total inclusion. Inclusive education is more than just placing a disabled person in a mainstream school and providing extra support. Inclusion requires major changes within society to allow everyone to take part, interact and make choices. Young disabled people are less likely than their non-disabled counterparts to pursue academic subjects of their choice due to restrictions imposed by the physical environment. Burgess, (2003) believes that even now, mainstream schools are not fully accessible, as those responsible for developing inclusion still often think of accessibility as ramps and rails. Burgess also points out that discriminatory attitudes among teachers in mainstream schools have also been confirmed by UK education inspectors. A survey by the Department of Education and Science (DES), published in 1989, noted that the attitudes of some staff were patronising, while others were reluctant to work with disabled pupils. T hese attitudes were likely to be reproduced in the attitudes and behaviour of non-disabled students towards their disabled peers. The result of such attitudinal prejudice among peers may be critical. Haring, (1991) argues that peer acceptance is a primary outcome of schooling, with important outcomes for the quality of life of students with disabilities. (Shah, S, 2005) As Shah discusses arguments in favour of, and against segregation, it becomes clear that there are a number of authors that support both viewpoints, for example, Jenkinson (1979) argues that with smaller classes and higher teacher pupil ratios, special schools allow concentrated one-to-one attention and tuition which can be delivered at a level appropriate to each child’s needs, yet, at the same time, she also says that the small number of staff in special schools, along with their considerably limited, curricula expertise, restricts the range and content of the curriculum and feels the lack of training and experience of most special school teachers in the secondary curriculum to be a growing obstacle as students with disabilities move into adolescence. Barnes (1991) stresses that one of the principal functions of segregated education is to protect disabled children from the rough and tumble of the normal environment, at the same time, arguing, that being in a protective, segregated environment holds back disabled individuals from society. These contradictory views lead to the belief that the authors feel that special schools do have their place in society, but not to the detriment of those attending, as in the past. People are different and diverse, and what is suitable for one may not be suitable for another, in that, total inclusion in a mainstream school may be damaging for some pupils but more beneficial for others. Perhaps this is where mainstream schools which have a special unit can be beneficial. This can be construed as partial inclusion. Pupils attending the special units can have access to the mainstream curriculum, and social interaction with their more able peers, at the same time, those who simply could not cope with mainstream institutions have the benefit of the caring special unit, where they can still have access to a similar curriculum as that offered in mainstream, and feel protected and less vulnerable. Partial integration is often seen as combining the best of both worlds in special education: the student has access to special curriculum and small classes in the special school, while also having the opportunity to socialize and participate with non-disabled peers in extra-curricular activities that are not available in the special school. (Jenkinson, 1996, p 107-108) The school in which I work is one of 14 secondary schools within the Local Authority which have a special unit. Local Authority and school level Within the local authority in which I work, there are 4 special schools and, 14 secondary schools and 28 primary schools which have a unit for pupils with additional support needs. A primary or secondary school is identified as having an integrated special unit/class if the sole or main purpose of any class or other unit forming part of the school is to provide education specially suited to the additional support needs of children or young persons selected for attendance at the class or unit by reason of those needs. The School The school is a large rural secondary comprehensive school with a long tradition of excellence, and positive relationships with the local community. The school is sited in a wooded setting, once the grounds of a Castle. In 1979 the school catered for only 500 pupils; today more than 1,200 pupils attend the school and are supported by over 100 teaching staff. The school aims to ensure that all pupils, regardless of circumstance, be given every opportunity to succeed and attempt to achieve their full potential. The school Inclusion Policy states it is the intention to include as many children as possible into some aspects of a mainstream school day. The school can cater for all students in the catchment area except those who require daily hospital residential care. For a small number of pupils inclusion could mean that they are in the same school as mainstream children, have their break times and their lunch times with mainstream classes, and attend mainstream subjects taught by a mainstream teacher as part of their S.E.N. class. They would also be able to attend activities arranged for their year group such as induction days, assemblies and trips. For other pupils it will mean that they are included into mainstream classes for part of their week. Some pupils will be mostly taught in mainstream, with one or two subjects in the Additional Support department, and vice versa. The decision of how much inclusion or when inclusion is suitable will be made at each student’s annual review; or on their entry into the Special Education Department. This means that parents and professionals will decide together what is most appropriate for each child. Whatever decisions are made can be altered as and when appropriate. Each pupil’s needs will be assessed every year to ensure that past decisions are still appropriate. All students in the S.E.N. Department will have an IEP and annual review meetings will be held to discuss progress. The support for learning team in the school consists of: Additional Support Needs (ASN) Department, Learning Support Department (LS), Sensory Impairment Department (For Visual and Hearing Impairment), Promoting Education Pupil Support (PEPS), and Auxiliary Support. Additional Support Department: Support of pupils who are not full time mainstream because of mild to severe and complex learning difficulties and / or who for significant emotional, psychological or other reasons are unable to attend large mainstream classes. Learning Support Department: Support of pupils in our associated primary schools and secondary mainstream pupils with Specific Learning Difficulties and other Learning Difficulties. Supplementary Studies in S1 and S2 provides support with Literacy and Numeracy and Support Studies in S3 and 4 provide support with Standard Grade mainstream subjects. SFL Room 3: Support of mainstream pupils on the Autistic Spectrum who cannot access mainstream classes full time because of social and communication difficulties. Also used for Alternatives to Exclusion work. Promoting Education Pupil Support Department: Support of mainstream pupils with significant social, emotional and / or behavioural difficulties. This support is mostly in class but also appropriate 1:1 and group support provided within the PEPS department classroom Pupils may be supported across all subject areas and this can be in a variety of ways: Working with a Support Teacher as well as a Subject Teacher in class e.g. a Special Education, Learning Support, PEPS or Hearing Impairment Teacher working alongside the Subject Teacher to deliver the class lesson. More intensive support in small groups or on an individual basis with any of the SFL professionals. Following a short/ medium or longer term modified timetable to help explore strategies to assist pupils in developing study and learning skills. Working totally out with the mainstream class structure in specialised classes for support. Support by an auxiliary in a subject class. In addition to the above, the SFL team liaises with a wide range of outside agencies including: the social work department, the community education team, the educational psychology services, the police, the medical services, family support for workers. House and Guidance System Until this year, 1008, each pupil in the school belongs to one of seven House Groups, which are the responsibility of seven Principal Teachers of Guidance. Their role is to know well and support each pupil in their House, providing a focus for the pupil, parents/carers, and staff and outside school contacts. At all times they work towards promoting positive behaviour and positive relationships: working with pupils to set learning targets; reviewing and discussing overall progress and being a regular point-of-contact throughout their school career. Although the school Inclusion Policy states it is the intention to include as many children as possible, the pupils attending the AS department where placed in a separate Guidance house from the rest of the school. The registration group I was assigned to when I joined the school, consisted of a mixture of 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th years. There is an assembly held every week for each year group. The day and time for the assemblies is announced on a daily bulletin, and the days change each term. The assembly day and time for the 5th and 6th year has never included those pupils from the AS department. As part of my research I interviewed the Head Teacher about inclusion and he said that when he first started at the school, which was not long ago, he was horrified to find that there was a separate House for the pupils with additional needs. As from August 2008 there will be a new House System put into place, instead of 7 houses there will be 5. To promote the further integration and inclusion of pupils with additional support needs, all pupils will be assigned to a mainstream Registration Group, and House. The Head Teacher feels that Inclusion does not just mean integration; it means participation in all aspects. Promoting education The school has a whole school positive behaviour policy which provides the framework for classroom practice. There are school sanctions in place and these are: Official verbal warning. Move to another seat. Letter to parents. Send to Time Out Room Referral to Principal Teacher. Referral to Senior Staff. A key element of the behaviour policy is that the school does not accept any form of physical, verbal or emotional abuse, e.g. name calling, threatening behaviour or swearing. The school does recognize positively, that the vast majority of pupils, are a real credit to themselves, to the school and to their parents, and believes this should be recognized. Well Done slips are one method available to the staff at to communicate good news about an individual’ achievement. Pupils react positively to receiving these and value the recognition they bring. Pupils within my classroom The group of pupils I teach are in their 1st year at the school. Their additional needs include; social, emotional, behavioural, and difficulties in learning, understanding, listening, and following instructions. When incidents do occur in the classroom, the type of behaviour generally falls into one of three categories: Muttered or low-key threats, swearing or name-calling, chair/table tipping, refusal to co-operate with a group or another child or an adult, books or pencils swept off a table. Aggressive, verbal abuse with shouting directed towards another pupil or adult; objects such as a pencil or rubber thrown at someone or something. Physical aggression directed towards another child. When I first started at the school there were 9 pupils in my class. There are now 14. The additional 5 pupils have been reported as having difficulties in some subjects, and have therefore been removed from some mainstream lessons such as Science and Modern Languages, and placed in the AS Department. This seems to be more like exclusion rather than inclusion!

Volunteers Should Not Be Rewarded Essay -- volunteering, benefits, rew

Nowadays you can volunteer in different type of places. There are a lot of various organizations that need volunteers. What you can do to help these organizations are help clean parks, go to a foreign country to help from a natural disaster, etc. These are just some of the things you can do at these institutions. When volunteering the question is asked if people who volunteer should receive benefits or a reward for offering their service. I believe they shouldn't because if you’re receiving a benefit it becomes like a part-time job it takes the point of volunteering out of the equation. It also defies the purpose of doing it on your own free will with the purpose of doing good and helping others. First of all the definition of volunteering is offering yourself for a service or you performing willingly and ‘‘without pay’’. If people were to get benefits out of it, it wouldn't be volunteering anymore. The reason people volunteer is for either personal reasons, the need to help others, or to make a change in their community as to make their community a better place. People volunteer for other reasons too it can be because they are forced upon by their parents or a school requirement, or they want to try something new because they have a lot of free time in their hands. Head of PhD George L. says there are risks when volunteers are rewarded or paid. He states "The precise distinctions vary , but the point of difference is that employees get paid for their work — volunteers do not. Pay a volunteer for his or her work and you've transformed the former volunteer into an employee — or at least you've created a plausible basis for that person (or perhaps someone else) to claim he or she is an employee of your nonprofit." another problem ... ...on since it can cause them a lot of troubles plus it can also affect how the volunteer performs if not rewarded properly. Rewards are ok as long as they are properly distributed and it won't cost the institution extra money since they are working for a cause not to lose anything. volunteering is the act of helping others and giving yourself up for a service without pay and I believe in that because it wouldn't be volunteering anymore if you include pay in the same sentence. Works Cited L, George. "Library." Paying Volunteers Risk Management. Risk Management Center , n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. Hartman, Rachel. "Rewarding volunteers." Rewarding Volunteers. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. Johnson, Adrian. "Michigan Ann Arbor Bay City Detroit Flint Grand Rapids Jackson Kalamazoo Lansing Muskegon Saginaw All Michigan." The Kalamazoo Gazette. N.p., 7 Feb. 2009.

Movie: On Golden Pond

On Golden Pond Cassandra Mclean Central Carolina Community College I would have to admit that this was my first time ever hearing of this movie until this assignment but once I saw it I absolutely fell in love with all the characters and the different dynamics of family. It begins with Norman and Ethel Thayer moving back to their lake house in Maine for the summer. Norman and Ethel have been married a long time and will be celebrating Norman’s eightieth birthday and welcoming back their daughter Chelsea and she brings along her boyfriend Billy Ray and his teenage son Billy Ray Jr.Chelsea asked her parents can Billy jr stay with them while her and Billy go to Europe. When Billy and Chelsea return form Europe she discovers that her dad and Billy have the relationship that she always wanted and decided to confront him and deal with her emotions. Norman Thayer will be eighty years old his next birthday he is suffering from some health problems and have dementia where he is beginni ng to forget things like a photograph that he took years earlier and the road that he been on for years and now can’t remember how to get there.Norman is in between late adulthood and very old age Erikson’s nine stages of psychosocial development says that in late adulthood stage you take stock of your past and in old age you face new sense of self over failing bodies and need of care. Norman is always talking about getting older and dying he has declining cognitive functioning and that makes him irritable and confused.

Mobile Money Transfer

CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Mobile money transfer Mobile money transfer, also referred to as mobile money, mobile  payment, and mobile wallet generally refer to payment services operated under  financial regulations and performed from or via a  mobile device. Instead of paying with cash, cheque, or credit cards, a consumer can use a mobile phone to pay for a wide range of services and digital or hard goods. Although the concept of using non-coin-based currency systems has a long history,  it is only recently that the technology to support such systems has become widely available.Similarly, Julia s. cheney defined mobile financial services from her paper examination of mobile banking and mobile payments as follows â€Å"Mobile financial services is a term applied to a range of financial activities conducted using mobile devices, such as cellular phones or personal digital assistants. These activities fall into two broad categories: mobile banking and mobile payments. Mobile banking allows bank customers to check balances, monitor transactions, obtain other account information, transfer funds, locate branches or ATMs, and, sometimes, pay bills. In the United States, depository institutions' mobile banking platforms rely on one or a combination of the following three strategies: SMS text messaging, browser-based programs, or downloadable mobile-banking applications. The term mobile payments refers to payment transactions initiated or confirmed using a person's mobile cellular phone or personal digital assistant. These may be such things as making a purchase at the point of sale, sending money to a person or a business, or purchasing a product or service remotely. Mobile payments generally fall into two categories. Those made at the point of sale are called â€Å"proximity payments† and are typically initiated using NFC technology. Mobile â€Å"remote payments,† on the other hand, are not transmitted by NFC but rather require payments to be initiated and settled through the mobile cellular phone network in combination with an associated payment network. These payments may involve person-to-person, person-to-business, or business-to-business payments and rely on SMS text messaging, wireless Internet technology, or a downloaded application in order to execute the payment.Mobile payment is being adopted all over the world in different ways (wirelessintelligence.com) (erricson.com 2011). In 2008, the combined market for all types of mobile payments was projected to reach more than $600B globally by 2013 (juniper research 2013),  which would be double the figure as of February, 2011 (bonsoni.com 2011). The mobile payment market for goods and services, excluding contactless  near field communication  or NFC transactions and money transfers, is expected to exceed $300B globally by 2013 (juniper research 2013). In  developing countries  mobile payment solutions have been deployed as a means of extending financial services to the community known as the â€Å"unbanked† or â€Å"under banked,† which is estimated to be as much as 50% of the world's adult population, according to Financial Access' 2009 Report â€Å"Half the World is Unbanked† (financialAccess.org 2009). These payment networks are often used for  micropayments.  The use of mobile payments in developing countries has attracted public and private funding by organizations such as the  Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation,  United States Agency for International Development  and  Mercy Corps.Mobile financial services cover a â€Å"broad range of financial activities that Consumers engage in or access using their mobile phones† (Boyd and Jacob, 2007:6). They can be classified into three separate categories: mobile banking (m?banking), Mobile money transfer (m?money transfer), and mobile payments (m?payments) (GSMA, 2008a). M?banking is subsumed under the larger category of electronic banking.Electronic banking (e?banking) refers to â€Å"the provision of retail and small value banking products and services through electronic channels. These include deposit taking, lending, account management, the provision of financial advice, electronic bill payment and the provision of other electronic payment products and services such as electronic money† (Basel 1998:3). As a form of e?banking, m?banking is defined as:†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦financial services delivered via mobile networks and performed on a mobile phone. These services may or may not be defined as banking services by the regulator, depending on the legislation of the country in question, as well as on which services are offered.† (Bà ¥ngens and Sà ¶derberg 2008: 7).Porteous (2006) further explains that mobile banking can either be additive or transformational. For the former type, m?banking is considered an additional channel for existing clients to access banking services; in the transformational category, however, it targets clients who do not have bank accounts, aiming to include them into the formal banking system. (Bà ¥ngens and Sà ¶derberg 2008). Money, on the other hand, is a form of electronic money. Electronic money refers to â€Å"stored value or prepaid payment mechanisms for executing payments via point of sale terminals, direct transfers between two devices, or over the computer networks, such as the Internet. Stored value products include hardware or card based mechanisms (electronic purses or wallets), and software or network based cash (also called digital cash)† (Basel, 1998:3?4). M? money then refers to â€Å"services that connect consumers financially through mobile phones. Mobile money allows for any mobile phone subscriber – whether banked or unbanked – to deposit value into their mobile account, send value via a simple handset to another mobile subscriber, and allow the recipient to turn that value back into cash easily and cheaply† (GSMA, 2009:7). In this way, m?money can be used for both transfers and payments. In fact, m?money is generally used in m?payments and m?money transfers rather than for m?banking. As such, m?money does not earn interest compared to bank deposits. This ensures that all e?cash (of which m?money is one) dispensed and circulating corresponds to actual funds in the system. This helps the central banks track movements in money supply1 (Mapa, 2009). With this, m?money cannot be used for savings and cannot be lent by m?money service providers (Sec 5.C and D of Circular 649) (BSP 2009). However, whether these funds should not earn interest has been questioned by some, especially when the funds that are pooled to back?up the issued e?money can be deposited in a prudentially regulated institution or invested in â€Å"lower?risk† securities (Tarazi, 2009).Thus far, the use of m?money has primarily been transactional, such as payment of bills (including payment conversion of m?money to electronic loads), transfer of funds. In microfinance, for instance, the system has largely been utilized to transfer and pay loans.Mobile banking models:Lyman et.al. (2006) makes two distinctions of branchless banking: bank led Non?bank commercial actors. This was further expanded by Goswami & Raghavendran (2009) by breaking down mobile banking variants into 5 models based on how they partner up with telecommunication providers: (1) carriers going solo, (2) banks going solo, (3) exclusive bank and telecom partnership, (4) bank telecom open partnership, and (5) open federation model. These variations indicate that there is much innovation occurring with respect to delivering m?banking/m?money services. Although innovation is important, at some point, standardization would be needed to support interoperability that would enhance services among customers (GSMA, 2008a). In fact, of the five models mentioned, the open federation model is considered by Goswami & Raghavendran (2009) as the most flexible and dynamic since it allows for a partnership between all banks and telecom companies while sharing a common platform for m? banking. The platform then expands the coverage of mobile banking and gives the unbanked a freedom to choose with whom to maintain an account. The other implication of the variety of existing models is that it creates different regulatory arrangements depending on the nature of partnerships between telecommunication carriers and financial institutions. In the case of SMART Money in the Philippines, for instance, the banking regulations have complied with by its banking partner, whereas the telecommunications aspect is addressed by the telecommunications provider. A regulatory distinction however occurs once there is e?money issuance by a telecommunication company or non?bank entity through the telecommunications operator (Lyman, et al. 2006), as was the case with Globe Telecom's G?Cash. In both cases, they had to work with financial regulators on banking regulations it was not previously concerned with. Mobile phone payments is a popular and most preferable way of sending and receiving money in Africa since the vast majority of the continents' population are ruler dwellers or uneducated (Ayo, Ukpere, Oni, Ometo, & Akinsiko, 2012; Mangudla, 2012). The concept of mobile money transfer dates back to the history of telecommunication and banking industries. There are collaborations between the two industries for the facilitation of MMT service (Ayo et.al, 2012). M-PESA was the first MMT service in Africa, which was introduced by Safaricom of Kenya (A Vodafone partner) in 2007. M-PESA (M refers to mobile, and PESA refers money in Swahili language) can be accessed from the different outlets such as the headquarter, main branches of the company, or an authorized business outlet. Safaricom registered over 20, 000 consumers for M-PESA within the first month of introducing the service (Hughes & Lonie, 2007), and the number reached more than 15 million users of MMT in Kenya after five years of launching (Michaels, 2011). He contends that there are several factors behind the wide adoption and acceptance of this service by the users including rapid migration to cities for work, a significant unbanked number of the populace, the credibility of the service provider, and finally their commitment towards families in home villages. Therefore, as asserted by Hughes & Lonie, (2007), the M-PESA is primarily designed for the unbanked populace in Kenya. The MMT also was later introduced in several African countries such as Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Ghana, Somalia among others. The success of these services in South Africa and Ghana were less than the Kenya's M-PESA success (Tobbin, 2010). MMT IN SOMALIA:MMT service in Somalia was first introduced by GOLIS , HORMUD and TELESOM telecommunication companies working with puntland, south central Somalia and Somaliland respectively. SAHAL and ZAAD money transfer was the first product; however, EVC, the hormud version of MMT, was banned by al-Shabab Group. The hormud company later introduced a more advanced service named EVC Plus. Other telecommunication service providers later offered similar products with different brands. For example, Nation link offer E-MAAL and somtel offers E-DAHAB services respectively. The lack of effective government in Somalia affected the necessities of the life and the telecommunication industry filled the governmental gap by introducing revolutionary technologies (Osman, 2012). The industry provides several services such landline, mobile phones, internet and mobile banking. The mobile banking or what we can refer to mobile money transfer is very popular in the most sophisticated and active people in Africa with regard to mobile phone payment (Osman, 2012).Many diverse factors contribute to the adoption and acceptance of these MMT services in Somalia. One major reason is that the banking systems in the country are very limited. In addition, there is much risk for caring cash since the country is still politically unstable and recovering from more than two decades of chaos and civil war (Mohamed, 2013). There are huge remittances sent by the Somali Diaspora back home to their families, friends, relatives, or business associates. There is also huge migration to the major cities because of economic crisis, famine, droughts, and job seeking. All these factors can contribute to the acceptance and usage of MMT service by the Somalis as they were behind its usage in other countries especially in Africa. There are limited empirical studies on the state of art of MMT adoption in the country. Sayid, Echchabi, and Abd. Aziz (2012) examined the mobile money acceptance in Somalia by drawing on the TAM model. Sayid et.al's (2012) study suggested that perceived usefulness and security positively affected the attitude towards mobile banking, whereas social influence and perceived usefulness significantly and positively influenced the intention to accept mobile money. Furthermore, their study suggested that perceived ease of use had positive effect on perceived usefulness of mobile money. Sayid et.al's (2012) sample size was very small (N=100) which is difficult to draw a statistical conclusion from it. In addition, this study looked at the MMT in a broader scope. However, their study provided useful insights about the factors influencing the acceptance and adoption of MMT in the country.The current study will examine the trends, challenge and future of mobile money transfer and banking in puntland. The study will focus sahal service as particular as there is no such in depth analysis in this service before. This service has 597,000 sahal service active subscribers which do mobile money services across puntland, similarly it has 86,000 active mobile payment subscribers which use sahal payment as their first choice paybills.The study will focus on these customers, the regulation and the mobile network operators to study the trends, challenges and future of this service.